Fire alarm panels use clear states to communicate what is happening. This guide explains Alarm, Trouble, and Supervisory, what building staff can do safely, and when to contact a licensed technician. It follows common practices that align with NFPA 72 and typical manufacturer documentation.
Quick safety first
- If smoke, heat, or fire is suspected, evacuate and call emergency services.
- Do not open cabinets, change wiring, or try to repair devices unless you are licensed and authorized.
- Trained staff may acknowledge or silence per policy. Do not reset until the cause is resolved and you are authorized.
The three core states
Alarm
The system detected a fire condition and requires immediate response. Follow your emergency plan and evacuate if appropriate.
Trouble
A system fault or impairment could affect performance. Examples include low battery, ground fault, device missing, or wiring problems.
Supervisory
An off-normal condition on a monitored system such as a sprinkler valve or fire pump. It is not a fire alarm but it needs attention.
Acknowledge, Silence, Reset
Acknowledge is used to quiet the panel buzzer locally and to log that the condition was seen. Silence is used to quiet horns and strobes during an alarm when procedures allow. Reset clears alarms and troubles after the underlying condition has been corrected. If you are not trained or licensed, avoid using Reset.
- Document the exact message text, circuit or device numbers, and time. Photos help technicians.
- Notify your service provider and provide the recorded information.
Typical examples
- Trouble: Battery trouble, ground fault, device missing or open circuit, NAC trouble, AC fail.
- Supervisory: Sprinkler valve closed, air pressure outside range, fire pump supervision alert.
Brand pointers and manuals
Wording and menus differ by brand. Use these pages to find manuals and references:
You can also search across brands in our site search.
When to call a licensed technician
- Any trouble condition that persists or repeats after acknowledge.
- Any supervisory condition related to water-based systems, valves, or pumps.
- Any unexpected alarms or panel behavior you cannot explain.
Licensed professionals will inspect, test, and document in line with NFPA 72 and local authority requirements.
Conclusion
Knowing the difference between Alarm, Trouble, and Supervisory helps you respond quickly and hand off to your service provider with clear information. This keeps your system ready to protect people and property.
References:
NFPA 72: National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, 2025 Edition
Manufacturer operation and installation manuals